Sources of Information

Standard format:
(Year) N.I. c. Chapter

Examples of recognised formats:

Recognised formats of references to Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly include:

2010 (N.I.) c. 6
2010 (N.I.) c.6
2010 (NI) c. 6
2010 (NI) c.6

*Note that between 14 October 2002 and 8 May 2007 the Northern Ireland Assembly was suspended and no devolved legislation was enacted. See the website of the Northern Ireland Assembly for details.

Jurisdiction:
Northern Ireland

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

Recognised formats of references to Acts of the Scottish Parliament include:

• Land Reform (Scotland) Act, 2003
• Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003
• 2003 asp 2
• 2003 ASP. 2

Formats for Acts:	Formats for sections and schedules:
Land Reform (Scotland) Act, 2003 Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 2003 asp 2 2003 ASP. 2	Section 12 sect.12 sec.12 s.12 s12 ss. 2,4,8 ss. 3-6 Schedule 2 sch.2 sch2

Any of the formats in the left-hand column of the table can be used to find the Arrangement of Sections, which has hypertext links to the preamble and to all of the sections and schedules that make up the complete Act.

Any of the formats for an Act can be followed by any of the formats in the right-hand column (separated by space and/or comma) to find an individual section or schedule, a range of sections, or several specified sections. For example:

• Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003, Section 12
• Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 Schedule 2
• Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 s.12(3b)
• Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 s.12

Any of the formats for an Act can be preceded by any of the formats in the right-hand column (separated by prepositions, articles, space and/or comma) to find an individual section or schedule, a range of sections, or several specified sections. For example:

• Section 12(3b) of the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003
• ss. 2,4,8 of the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003
• ss. 3-6 of the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003
• ss. 3-6 of Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003
• Schedule 2 of the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003
• Schedule 2 to the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003

Alphabetic characters can be upper or lower case. Abbreviations can include full stops, but they are not necessary.

References to locations within a section or schedule (e.g. 12(3b)) will lead to information about the whole section or schedule.

Jurisdiction:
Scotland

Standard format:
[year] ACD page

Examples of recognised formats:

2005 ACD 1
(2005) ACD 1
[2005] ACD 1
[2005] A C D 1
[2005] A.C.D. 1
[2005] A. C. D. 1
[2005] Administrative Court Digest 1

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume All ER (Comm) page

Examples of recognised formats:

1999 1 All ER (Comm) 1
(1999) 1 All ER (Comm) 1
[1999] 1 All ER (Comm) 1
[1999] 1 All E.R. (Comm) 1
[1999] 1 All E. R. (Comm) 1
1999 1 All England Commercial Cases 1
(1999) 1 All England Commercial Cases 1
[1999] 1 All England Commercial Cases 1

If the volume number is not specified, then volume 1 is assumed.

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume All ER (EC) page

Examples of recognised formats:

1999 All ER (EC) 1
(1999) All ER (EC) 1
[1999] All ER (EC) 1
[1999] All E.R. (E.C.) 1
[1999] All E. R. (E. C.) 1
1999 All England European Cases 1
(1999) All England European Cases 1
[1999] All England European Cases 1

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
[year] volume All ER page

Examples of recognised formats:

1996 2 All ER 210
(1996) 2 All ER 210
[1996] 2 All ER 210
[1996] 2 All E.R. 210
[1996] 2 All E. R. 210
1996 2 All England Law Reports 210
(1996) 2 All England Law Reports 210
[1996] 2 All England Law Reports 210

If the volume number is not specified, then volume 1 is assumed.

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
year Bar Review page

Examples of recognised formats:

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
[year] BCC page
(year) volume BCC page

Examples of recognised formats:

1993 BCC 506
(1993) BCC 506
[1993] BCC 506
[1993] B C C 506
[1993] B.C.C. 506
[1993] B. C. C. 506
[1993] British Company Cases 506
[1993] British Company Law Cases 506

1989 5 BCC 506
(1989) 5 BCC 259
[1989] 5 BCC 506
(1989) 5 B C C 506
(1989) 5 B.C.C. 506
(1989) 5 B. C. C. 506
(1989) 5 British Company Cases 506
(1989) 5 British Company Law Cases 506

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] BLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2006 BLR 1
(2006) BLR 309
[2006] BLR 309
[2006] B L R 309
[2006] B.L.R. 309
[2006] B. L. R. 309
[2006] Building Law Reports 309

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] Bus LR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2007 Bus LR 188
(2007) Bus LR 188
[2007] Bus LR 188
[2007] Bus.LR 188
[2007] Business Law Reports 188

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(year) Volume BusLRev Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2006) 27 BusLR 2
(2006) 27 Bus LR 2
(2006) 27 Bus.L.R. 2
(2006) 27 Bus. L.R. 2
(2006) 27 BusLRev 2
(2006) 27 Bus LRev 2
(2006) 27 Bus L Rev 2
(2006) 27 Bus.L.Rev. 2
(2006) 27 Bus. L.Rev. 2
(2006) 27 Bus. L. Rev. 2

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume BCLC page

Examples of recognised formats:

2000 1 BCLC 36
(2000) 1 BCLC 36
[2000] BCLC 36
[2000] 1 BCLC 36
[2000] 1 B.C.L.C. 36
[2000] 1 B. C. L. C. 36
2000 1 Butterworths Company Law Cases 36
(2000) 1 Butterworths Company Law Cases 36
[2000] 1 Butterworths Company Law Cases 36
[2000] Butterworths Company Law Cases 36

If the volume number is not specified, then volume 1 is assumed.

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(year) volume BHRC page

Examples of recognised formats:

2000 8 BHRC 1
(2000) 8 BHRC 1
(2000) 8 B H R C 1
(2000) 8 B.H.R.C. 1
(2000) 8 B. H. R. C. 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths HR Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths H R Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths H.R. Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths H. R. Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths Human Rights Cases 1
[2000] 8 Butterworths Human Rights Cases 1

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] LGR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2000 LGR 302
(2000) LGR 302
[2000] LGR 302
[2000] L.G.R. 302
[2000] L. G. R. 302
2000 Local Government Reports 302
(2000) Local Government Reports 302
[2000] Local Government Reports 302

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(year) volume BMLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

1996 35 BMLR 79
(1996) 35 BMLR 79
[1996] 35 BMLR 79
(1996) 35 B M L R 79
(1996) 35 B.M.L.R. 79
(1996) 35 B. M. L. R. 79
(1996) 35 Butterworths Medico-Legal Reports 79
[1996] 35 Butterworths Medico-Legal Reports 79

The year is optional.

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

CPR PART 35
cpr part 35

PD CPR Part 10
pd cpr part 10

CPR Protocol 6
cpr protocol 6

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) Volume Co LJ Issue

Examples of recognised formats:

(2008) 17 Co LJ 21
(2008) 17 Co. L.J. 21
(2008) 17 Commercial Litigation Journal 21

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume CMLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2009 3 CMLR 17
(2009) 3 CMLR 17
[2009] 3 CMLR 17
[2009] 3 C M L R 17
[2009] 3 C.M.L.R. 17
[2009] 3 C. M. L. R. 17
[2009] 3 Common Market Law Reports 17

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
CTLR (Year), Volume(subvolume), p Page

Examples of recognised formats:

CTLR 2007, 13(5), 158
C T L R 2007, 13(5), 158
C.T.L.R. 2007, 13(5), 158
C. T. L. R. 2007, 13(5), 158
Computer and Telecommunications Law Review 2007, 13(5), 158
Computer and Telecommunications Law Review 2007, 13(5), 158
Computer and Telecommunications Law Review 2007, 13(5), 158

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[Year] Volume CILL Issue

Examples of recognised formats:

1995 CILL 1026
(1995) CILL 1026
[1995] CILL 1026
[1995] C I L L 1026
[1995] C.I.L.L. 1026
[1995] C. I. L. L. 1026
[1995] Construction Industry Law Letter 1026

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) Volume Const LJ Pages

Examples of recognised formats:

(2008) 24 Const LJ 30
(2008) 24 Const LJ 30
(2008) 24 Const.L.J. 30
(2008) 24 Const. L.J. 30
(2008) 24 Construction Law Journal 30

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume Con LR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2006 107 ConLR 1
(2006) 107 ConLR 1
[2006] 107 ConLR 1
[2006] 107 Con LR 1
[2006] 107 Con L R 1
[2006] 107 Con.L.R. 1
[2006] 107 Con. L. R. 1
[2006] 107 Construction LR 1
[2006] 107 Construction L R 1
[2006] 107 Construction L.R. 1
[2006] 107 Construction L. R. 1
[2006] 107 Construction Law Rep 1
[2006] 107 Construction Law Rep. 1
[2006] 107 Construction Law Reports 1

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) Volume CPLJ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2008) 13 (1) CPLJ 21

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
(Year) Volume CRI Page

Examples of recognised formats:

Formerly known as Insolvency Law and Practice:

(2005) 21 IL&P 155
(2005) 21 IL & P 155
(2005) 21 I L & P 155
(2005) 21 I.L.&P. 155
(2005) 21 I.L. & P. 155
(2005) 21 I. L. & P. 155
(2005) 21 Insolvency L.& Prac. 155
(2005) 21 Insolvency Law & Practice 155
(2005) 21 Insolvency Law and Practice 155

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[Year] Counsel (Month) Page

Examples of recognised formats:

2006 Counsel (Apr) 32
2006 Counsel (April) 32
(2006) Counsel (April) 32
[2006] Counsel (April) 32

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume CrAppR page

Examples of recognised formats:

1995 2 CrAppR 10
(1995) 2 CrAppR 10
[1995] 2 CrAppR 10
[1995] 2 CrApp R 10
[1995] 2 Cr App R 10
[1995] 2 Cr.App.R 10
[1995] 2 Cr.App.R. 10
[1995] 2 Cr. App. R. 10
[1995] 2 Criminal Appeal Reports 10

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume CrAppR(S) pag

Examples of recognised formats:

[2003] 1 CrAppRS 31
[2003] 2 CrAppR S 31
2003 2 CrAppR(S) 31
(2003) 2 CrAppR(S) 31
[2003] 1 CrAppR(S) 31
[2003] 1 CrAppR (S) 31
[2003] 1 Cr.App.RS 31
[2003] 1 Cr.App.R S 31
[2003] 1 Cr.App.R.S. 31
[2003] 1 Cr.App.R(S.) 31
[2003] 1 Cr.App.R. S. 31
[2003] 1 Cr.App.R.(S.) 31
[2003] 1 Cr.App.R. (S.) 31
[2003] 1 Cr. App. R. S. 31
[2003] 1 Cr. App. R. (S.) 31
[2003] 1 Criminal Appeal Reports Sentencing 31
[2003] 1 Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing) 31

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[Year] Crim LR Page

Examples of recognised formats:

[2006] CrimLR 142
2006 Crim LR 142
(2006) Crim LR 142
[2006] Crim LR 142
[2006] Crim L.R. 142
[2006] Crim.L.R. 142
[2006] Crim. L.R. 142
[2006] Criminal LR 142
[2006] Criminal L.R. 142
[2006] Criminal Law Review 142

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) Volume DULJ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2007) 29 DULJ 279
(2007) 29 D.U.L.J. 279
(2007) 29 Dublin University Law Journal 279

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) Volume EdLaw Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2007) 8 Ed Law 93
(2007) 8 Ed.Law 93
(2007) 8 EduLJ 93
(2007) 8 Edu LJ 93
(2007) 8 Edu L J 93
(2007) 8 Edu.L.J. 93
(2007) 8 Edu. L.J. 93
(2007) 8 Edu. L. J. 93
(2007) 8 Education Law Journal 93

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) Volume Emp LJ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2007) 79 EmLJ 18
(2007) 79 Em LJ 18
(2007) 79 Em L J 18
(2007) 79 Em.L.J. 18
(2007) 79 Em. L.J. 18
(2007) 79 Em. L. J. 18
(2007) 79 EmpLJ 18
(2007) 79 Emp LJ 18
(2007) 79 Emp L J 18
(2007) 79 Emp.L.J. 18
(2007) 79 Emp. L.J. 18
(2007) 79 Emp. L. J. 18
(2007) 79 Employment Law Journal 18

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] EMLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2005 EMLR 15
(2005) EMLR 15
[2005] EMLR 15
[2005] E M L R 15
[2005] E.M.L.R. 15
[2005] E. M. L. R. 15
[2005] Entertainment and Media Law Reports 1

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[Year] Ent LR Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2007) EntLR 18(3) 103
2007 Ent LR 18(3) 103
(2007) Ent LR 18(3) 103
[2007] Ent LR 18(3) 103
(2007) Ent L R 18(3) 103
(2007) Ent.L.R. 18(3) 103
(2007) Ent. L.R. 18(3) 103
(2007) Ent. L. R. 18(3) 103
(2007) EntLRev 2004, 18(3) 103
(2007) Ent LRev 2004, 18(3) 103
(2007) Ent L Rev 2004, 18(3) 103
(2007) Ent.L.Rev. 2004, 18(3) 103
(2007) Ent. L.Rev. 2004, 18(3) 103
(2007) Ent. L. Rev. 2004, 18(3) 103
Entertainment Law Review 18(3) 103

[2006] EntLR 70
2006 Ent LR 70
(2006) Ent LR 70
[2006] Ent LR 70
[2006] Ent L R 70
[2006] Ent.L.R. 70
[2006] Ent. L.R. 70
[2006] Ent. L. R. 70
[2006] EntLRev 70
[2006] Ent LRev 70
[2006] Ent L Rev 70
[2006] Ent.L.Rev. 70
[2006] Ent. L.Rev. 70
[2006] Ent. L. Rev. 70
[2006] Entertainment Law Review 70

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] Env LR page

Examples of recognised formats:

[2006] EnvLR 15
2006 Env LR 15
(2006) Env LR 15
[2006] Env LR 15
[2006] Env.L.R. 15
[2006] Env. L.R. 15
[2006] Env. L. R. 15
[2006] Environmental Law Reports 15

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[Year] Volume EG Page

Examples of recognised formats:

[1995] 40 EG 130
[1995] 40 E G 130
[1995] 40 E.G. 130
[1995] 40 E. G. 130
[1995] 40 Estates Gazette 130

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume EGLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

1995 2 EGLR 134
(1995) 2 EGLR 134
[1995] 2 EGLR 134
[1995] 2 E G L R 134
[1995] 2 E.G.L.R. 134
[1995] 2 E. G. L. R. 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette LR 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette L R 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette L.R. 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette Law Reports 134

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] ECDR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2006 ECDR 305
(2006) ECDR 305
[2006] ECDR 305
[2006] E C D R 305
[2006] E.C.D.R. 305
[2006] E. C. D. R. 305
[2006] European Copyright and Design Reports 305

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
[Year] EHRLR Page

Examples of recognised formats:

E.H.R.L.R. 2007, 3, 211-219
EHRLR 2007, 3, 211-219
EHRLR 2007 3 211-219

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
(year) volume EHRR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2008 46 EHRR 65
(2008) 46 EHRR 65
[2008] 46 EHRR 65
(2008) 46 E H R R 65
(2008) 46 E.H.R.R. 65
(2008) 46 E. H. R. R. 65
(2008) 46 European Human Rights Reports 65

Jurisdiction:
Europe (non-EU)

Standard format:
EIPR Year, Volume (Issue), Pages

Examples of recognised formats:

EIPR 2007, 28 (12), 600-610
EIPR 2007 28 (12) 600-610
E.I.P.R. 2007 28 (12) 600-610
E.I.P.R. 2007, 28 (12), 600-610

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
[yyyy] EPOR nnn

Examples of recognised formats:

[2011] EPOR 5

Jurisdiction:
Europe (non-EU)

Standard format:
[year] ETMR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2005 ETMR 32
(2005) ETMR 32
[2005] ETMR 32
[2005] E T M R 32
[2005] E.T.M.R. 32
[2005] E. T. M. R. 32
[2005] European Trade Mark Reports 32

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
(Year) Volume Fam LJ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2010) 93 Fam LJ 2
(2010) 93 FamLJ 2
(2010) 93 Fam L.J. 2
2010 93 Fam LJ 2
2010 93 FamLJ 2

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume FLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

1995 2 FLR 171
(1995) 2 FLR 171
[1995] 2 FLR 171
[1995] 2 F L R 171
[1995] 2 F.L.R. 171
[1995] 2 F. L. R. 171
[1995] 2 Family Law Reports 171

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] FSR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2000 FSR 491
(2000) FSR 491
[2000] FSR 491
[2000] F S R 491
[2000] F.S.R. 491
[2000] F. S. R. 491
[2000] Fleet Street Reports 491

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] GWD page

Examples of recognised formats:

2007 GWD 112
(2007) GWD 112
[2007] GWD 112
[2007] G W D 112
[2007] G.W.D. 112
[2007] G. W. D. 112
[2007] Greens Weekly Digest 112

Jurisdiction:
Scotland

Standard format:
Year Volume HKLRD Page

Examples of recognised formats:

2012 1 HKLRD 589
(2012) 1 HKLRD 589
[2012] 1 HKLRD 589
[2012] 1 H.K.L.R.D. 589

Jurisdiction:
Hong Kong

Standard format:
[year] HLR page
(year) volume HLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2004 HLR 4
(2004) HLR 4
[2004] HLR 4
[2004] H L R 4
[2004] H.L.R. 4
[2004] H. L. R. 4
[2004] Housing Law Reports 4

(1983) 17 HLR 80
(1983) 17 H L R 80
(1983) 17 H.L.R. 80
(1983) 17 H. L. R. 80
(1983) 17 Housing Law Reports 80

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] INLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2001 INLR 342
(2001) INLR 342
[2001] INLR 342
[2001] I N L R 342
[2001] I.N.L.R. 342
[2001] I. N. L. R. 342
[2001] Immigration and Nationality Law Reports 342

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] Imm AR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2002 Imm AR 62
(2002) Imm AR 62
[2002] Imm AR 62
[2002] Imm.A.R. 62
[2002] Imm. A.R. 62
[2002] Immigration Appeal Reports 62

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Ind Law J year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

ILJ 2007 36 3: 318-328
I L J 2007 36 3: 318-328
I.L.J. 2007 36 3: 318-328
I. L. J. 2007 36 3: 318-328
IndLawJ 2007 36 3: 318-328
Ind Law J 2007 36 3: 318-328
Ind.Law J. 2007 36 3: 318-328
Ind. Law J. 2007 36 3: 318-328
Industrial Law Journal 2007 36 3: 318-328

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] IRLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2000 IRLR 43
(2000) IRLR 43
[2000] IRLR 43
[2000] I.R.L.R. 43
[2000] I. R. L. R. 43
[2000] IR Law Reports 43
[2000] I.R. Law Reports 43
[2000] Industrial Relations Law Reports 43
(2000) Industrial Relations Law Reports 43

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) Volume(Issue) Ins LM Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2009) 21 (12) INS LM 4

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
[year] volume IPD page

Examples of recognised formats:

2006 29 IPD 7
(2006) 29 IPD 7
[2006] 29 IPD 7
[2006] 29 I P D 7
[2006] 29 I.P.D. 7
[2006] 29 I. P. D. 7
[2006] 29 Intellectual Property Decisions 7

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Year IPM Month p page

Examples of recognised formats:

2010 IPM Dec p 14

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
IPQ year, issue, page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

IPQ 2008, 1, 82-109
I.P.Q. 2008, 1, 82-109
Intellectual Property Quarterly 2008, 1, 82-109

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

Recognised formats of references to Irish Acts include:

Formats for Acts
IR No. 21/2002

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
(Year) Volume(Issue) ICLJ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

[2008] 18 (1) ICLJ 19
[2008] 18 (1) I.C.L.J. 19
[2008] 18 (1) Irish Criminal Law Journal 19

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
(Year) Volume(Issue) IELJ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2009) 6(1) IELJ 4

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
[Year] Volume IJFL Page

Examples of recognised formats:

[2008] 1 IJFL 3

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
year I.J. page

Examples of recognised formats:

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
[year] volume ILRM page
[year] ILRM page

Examples of recognised formats:

2007 2 ILRM 252
(2007) 2 ILRM 252
[2007] 2 ILRM 252
[2007] 2 I L R M 252
[2007] 2 I.L.R.M. 252
[2007] 2 I. L. R. M. 252
[2007] 2 Irish Law Reports Monthly 252
[2007] 2 Irish Law Reports Monthly 252

1993 ILRM 557
(1993) ILRM 557
[1993] ILRM 557
[1993] I L R M 557
[1993] I.L.R.M. 557
[1993] I. L. R. M. 557
[1993] Irish Law Reports Monthly 557
[1993] Irish Law Reports Monthly 557

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
(year) volume ILT page

Examples of recognised formats:

(1912) 46 ILT 305
(1912) 46 Irish Law Times 305

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
(Year) Volume IPELJ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2008) 15 IPELJ 19
(2008) 15 I.P.E.L.J. 19
(2008) 15 Irish Planning and Environmental Law Journal 19

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
[year] volume I.R. page

Examples of recognised formats:

1990 2 IR 17
(1990) 2 I.R. 17
[1990] 2 I.R. 17
[1990] 2 I. R. 17
[1990] 2 Irish Reports 17

*Fully cross-referenced from 1922.

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

The formats of references for Irish Statutory Instruments that JustCite can recognise include:

• IR SI 5/1922
• IR SI No 514 of 2003

Alphabetic characters can be upper or lower case. Abbreviations can include full stops, but they are not necessary.

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
[Year] Volume JHL Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2007) 10(4) JHL 53
(2007) 10(4) J H L 53
(2007) 10(4) J.H.L. 53
(2007) 10(4) J. H. L. 53
(2007) 10(4) Journal of Housing Law 53

[2007] 10 JHL 26
[2007] 10 J H L 26
[2007] 10 J.H.L. 26
[2007] 10 J. H. L. 26
[2007] 10 Journal of Housing Law 26

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[Year] Volume JPIL Page

Examples of recognised formats:

JPIL 2007 1 81
JPI L 2007 1 81
J.P.I.L. 2007 1 81
J.P.I. L. 2007 1 81
J. P. I. L. 2007 1 81
JPI Law 2007 1 81
J P I Law 2007 1 81
J.P.I.Law 2007 1 81
J.P.I. Law 2007 1 81
J. P. I. Law 2007 1 81
Journal of Personal Injury Law 2007 1 81

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
J.P.L. year, month, character page-range
J.P.L. year, month, page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

JPL 2010, 2, 129-141

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) Volume JSSL Issue Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2006) 13 JSSL 191
(2006) 13 J S S L 191
(2006) 13 J.S.S.L. 191
(2006) 13 J. S. S. L. 191
(2006) 13 Journal of Social Security Law 191

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) Volume(Issue) J Law Soc Sc Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2009) 54 J Law Soc Sc 22

Jurisdiction:
Scotland

Standard format:
(Year) Volume L & T Rev Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2006) 10 LT Rev 26
(2006) 10 L.T. Rev. 26
2006 10 L & T Rev 26
(2006) 10 L & T Rev 26
[2006] 10 L & T Rev 26
(2006) 10 L. & T. Rev. 26
(2006) 10 L&T Rev 26
(2006) 10 L.&T.Rev. 26
(2006) 10 L & T Review 26
(2006) 10 L. & T. Review 26
(2006) 10 Landlord & Tenant Review 26
(2006) 10 Landlord and Tenant Review 26
(2006) 10 Landlord & Tenant Law Review 26
(2006) 10 Landlord and Tenant Law Review 26

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] L & TR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2002 L & TR 21
(2002) L & TR 21
[2002] L & TR 21
[2002] L.&T.R. 21
[2002] L. & T.R. 21
[2002] Landlord and Tenant Reports 21

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
year L.Q.R. Page

Examples of recognised formats:

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
[Year] Volume Gazette Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2007) 104 LSG 19 (28)
104 LSG 19 (28)
104 L S G 19 (28)
104 L.S.G. 19 (28)
104 L. S. G. 19 (28)
104 LS Gaz 19 (28)
104 L S Gaz 19 (28)
104 L.S.Gaz. 19 (28)
104 L.S. Gaz. 19 (28)
104 L. S. Gaz. 19 (28)
104 LSocGaz 19 (28)
104 L.Soc.Gaz. 19 (28)
104 L Soc Gaz 19 (28)
104 L. Soc. Gaz. 19 (28)
104 L.Soc’y Gazette 19 (28)
104 L. Soc’y Gazette 19 (28)
104 Law Gazette 19 (28)
104 Law Society Gazette 19 (28)
104 Law Society’s Gazette 19 (28)
(2007) 104 Law Society Gazette 19 (28)
(2007) 104 Law Society’s Gazette 19 (28)

The year is optional

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) LR & I Volume Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(2008) LR & I 216 6

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
[year] volume Lloyd's Rep page

Examples of recognised formats:

[1995] 2 Lloyds Rep 15
1995 2 Lloyd’s Rep 15
(1995) 2 Lloyd’s Rep 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 15
[1995] 2 Lloyds Law Reports 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Law Reports 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Law Reports 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Law Reports 15

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] Lloyds Rep FC page

Examples of recognised formats:

2008 Lloyds Rep FC 10
(2008) Lloyds Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyds Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Financial Crime 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Financial Crime 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Financial Crime 10

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] Lloyd's Rep IR page

Examples of recognised formats:

[2003] Lloyds RepIR 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep IR 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep. I. R. 1
2003 Lloyd’s Rep IR 1
(2003) Lloyd’s Rep IR 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep IR 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I. R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I. R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I. R. 1

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] LS Law Med page

Examples of recognised formats:

[2006] LS Law Med 489

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[Year] LMCLQ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

[2006] LMCLQ 27
[2006] L M C L Q 27
[2006] L.M.C.L.Q. 27
[2006] L. M. C. L. Q. 27
[2006] Lloyd’s Mar& ComLQ 27
[2006] Lloyd’s Mar.& Com.L.Q. 27
[2006] Lloyd’s Mar & Com L Q 27
[2006] Lloyd’s Mar. & Com. L. Q. 27
[2006] LlMCLQ 27
[2006] Ll M C L Q 27
[2006] Ll.M.C.L.Q. 27
[2006] Ll. M. C. L. Q. 27
[2006] Lloyd’s Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly 27

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Volume NLJ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

156 NLJ 1822
156 N L J 1822
156 N.L.J. 1822
156 N. L. J. 1822
156 NewLJ 1822
156 New LJ 1822
156 New L.J. 1822
156 New Law Journal 1822

NLJ 156 1822
N L J 156 1822
N.L.J. 156 1822
N. L. J. 156 1822
NewLJ 156 1822
New LJ 156 1822
New L.J. 156 1822
New Law Journal 156 1822

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) Volum NLJ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

(1988) 138 NLJ 179

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
year NILQ page

Examples of recognised formats:

Jurisdiction:
Northern Ireland

Standard format:
[Year] PIQR Pnumber
[Year] PIQR Qnumber

Examples of recognised formats:

[2008] PIQR P13

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
PCB Year Volume Page

Examples of recognised formats:

PCB 2008 5 336

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] P.N.L.R. page

Examples of recognised formats:

[2005] PNLR 31
[2005] P N L R 31
2005 P.N.L.R. 31
(2005) P.N.L.R. 31
[2005] P.N.L.R. 31
[2005] P. N. L. R. 31

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
(Year) Volume PLJ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

2006 172 PLJ 6
(2006) 172 PLJ 6
[2006] 172 PLJ 6
(2006) 172 P L J 6
(2006) 172 P.L.J. 6
(2006) 172 P. L. J. 6
(2006) 172 Property Law Journal 6

2006 PLJ 172 6
[2006] PLJ 172 6
(2006) PLJ 172 6
(2006) P L J 172 6
(2006) P.L.J. 172 6
(2006) P. L. J. 172 6
(2006) Property Law Journal 172 6

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
PL Year Season Page

Examples of recognised formats:

PL 2005, Spr, 13
PL 2005, Spr, 13-22
P L 2005, Spr, 13-22
P.L. 2005, Spr, 13-22
P.L. 2005, Spr., 13
P.L. 2005, Spr., 13-22
P.L. 2005, Spring, 13-22
P. L. 2005, Spr, 13-22
Pub L 2005, Spring, 13-22
Pub.L. 2005, Spring, 13-22
Pub. L. 2005, Spring, 13-22
Publ L 2005, Spring, 13-22
Publ.L. 2005, Spring, 13-22
Publ. L. 2005, Spring, 13-22
Public Law 2005, Spring, 13-22

[2006] PL 112
[2006] P L 112
[2006] P.L. 112
[2006] P. L. 112
[2006] Pub L 112
[2006] Pub.L. 112
[2006] Pub. L. 112
[2006] Publ L 112
[2006] Publ.L. 112
[2006] Publ. L. 112
[2006] Public Law 112

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
[year] RPC page

Examples of recognised formats:

2007 RPC 7
(2007) RPC 7
[2007] RPC 7
[2007] R.P.C. 7
[2007] R. P. C. 7
2007 Reports and Patent Cases 7
(2007) Reports and Patent Cases 7
[2007] Reports and Patent Cases 7
[2007] Reports & Patent Cases 7

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] RTR page

Examples of recognised formats:

1970 RTR 135
(1970) RTR 135
[1970] RTR 135
[1970] R.T.R. 135
[1970] R. T. R. 135
1970 Road Traffic Reports 135
(1970) Road Traffic Reports 135
[1970] Road Traffic Reports 135

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
year SLT page

Examples of recognised formats:

2007 SLT 7
(2007) SLT 7
[2007] SLT 7
2007 S L T 7
2007 S.L.T. 7
2007 S. L. T. 7
2007 Sc.L.T. 7
2007 Scots Law Times 7

Jurisdiction:
Scotland

Standard format:
year SLT (Sh Ct) page

Examples of recognised formats:

2007 SLT (ShCt) 129
(2007) SLT (ShCt) 129
[2007] SLT (ShCt) 129
2007 SLT (Sh Ct) 129
2007 S.L.T. (ShCt) 129
2007 S.L.T. (Sh Ct) 129
2007 Scots Law Times (Sheriff Court Reports) 129
[2007] Scots Law Times (Sheriff Court Reports) 129

Jurisdiction:
Scotland

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

The formats of references for Scottish Statutory Instruments that JustCite can recognise include:

• Scottish Statutory Instrument number 1 of 2002
• Scottish Statutory Instrument number 1 of 8/1/2002
• S.S.I. No. 1 of 2002
• S.S.I. No. 1 of 8/1/2002
• Scottish Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 1
• Scottish Statutory Instrument 2002/1
• S.S.I. 2002 No. 1
• S.S.I. 2002/1
• SSI 2002 no 1
• SSI 2002 1
• SSI 2002/1
• SSI 2002-1

Alphabetic characters can be upper or lower case. Abbreviations can include full stops, but they are not necessary. In the short formats, the three elements can be separated by space, hyphen or slash.

Jurisdiction:
Scotland

Standard format:
[year] JC page
[year] SC page
[year] SC(HL) page
[year] SC(PC) page
volume F page (The year can be included, but is optional.)
volume F(HL) page (The year can be included, but is optional.)
volume F(J) page (The year can be included, but is optional.)
volume R page (The year can be included, but is optional.)
volume R(HL) page (The year can be included, but is optional.)
volume R(J) page (The year can be included, but is optional.)

Examples of recognised formats:

1937 JC 41
(1937) JC 41
[1937] JC 41
[1937] J C 41
[1937] J.C. 41
[1937] J. C. 41
[1937] Justiciary Cases 41

1943 SC 587
(1943) SC 587
[1943] SC 587
[1943] S C 587
[1943] S.C. 587
[1943] S. C. 587
[1943] Session Cases 587

1998 SC(HL) 90
(1998) SC(HL) 90
[1998] SC(HL) 90
[1998] SC (HL) 90
[1998] S.C.(H.L.) 90
[1998] S.C. (H.L.) 90

2001 SC(PC) 105
(2001) SC(PC) 105
[2001] SC(PC) 105
[2001] SC (PC) 105
[2001] S.C.(P.C.) 105
[2001] S.C. (P.C.) 105
[2001] S. C. (P. C.) 105

4 F 27
4 F. 27
4 C.of S.5th Series 27
4 F Ct of Sess 27
4 Fraser 27
4 Fraser (Scot.) 27
4 Fraser’s Court of Session Cases, 5th Series 27
1901 4 F 27
(1901) 4 F 27
(1901) 4 F. 27
(1901) 4 C.of S.5th Series 27
(1901) 4 F Ct of Sess 27
(1901) 4 Fraser 27
(1901) 4 Fraser (Scot.) 27
(1901) 4 Fraser’s Court of Session Cases, 5th Series 27
[1901] 4 F 27

2 F.(H.L.) 29
1898 2 F.(H.L.) 29
(1898) 2 F.(H.L.) 29
[1898] 2 F.(H.L.) 29

2 F(J) 39
2 F.(J.) 39
2 F.(J.C.) 39
1900 2 F(J) 39
(1900) 2 F(J) 39
(1900) 2 F.(J.) 39
(1900) 2 F.(J.C.) 39
[1900] 2 F(J) 39

20 R 414
20 R. 414
20 R.(Ct.of Sess.) 414
20 Rettie 414
(1893) 20 Rettie 414
(1893) 20 Rettie (Ct.of Sess.) 414

25 R(HL) 42
25 R.(H.L.) 42
25 Rettie (HL) 42
(1898) 25 Rettie (HL) 42
(1898) 25 Rettie (H.L.) 42

23 R(J) 77
23 R.(J.) 77
23 Rettie (J) 77
(1896) 23 Rettie (J) 77
(1896) 23 Rettie (J.) 77

Jurisdiction:
Scotland

Standard format:
[year] STC page

Examples of recognised formats:

2001 STC 420
(2001) STC 420
[2001] STC 420
[2001] S.T.C. 420
[2001] S. T. C. 420
2001 Simons Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simons Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simons Tax Cases 420
2001 Simon’s Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simon’s Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simon’s Tax Cases 420
2001 Simon’s Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simon’s Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simon’s Tax Cases 420
2001 Simon’s Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simon’s Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simon’s Tax Cases 420

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[Year] Volume SJ Page

Examples of recognised formats:

SJ 2008 152 (23) 22
S J 2008 152 (23) 22
S.J. 2008 152 (23) 22
S. J. 2008 152 (23) 22
SolJ 2008 152 (23) 22
Sol J 2008 152 (23) 22
Sol.J. 2008 152 (23) 22
Sol. J 2008 152 (23) 22
SolJo 2008 152 (23) 22
Sol Jo 2008 152 (23) 22
Sol.Jo. 2008 152 (23) 22
Sol. Jo. 2008 152 (23) 22
Solicitors J 2008 152 (23) 22
Solicitors J. 2008 152 (23) 22
Solicitors’ J 2008 152 (23) 22
Solicitors’ J. 2008 152 (23) 22
Solicitors Journal 2008 152 (23) 22
Solicitors’ Journal 2008 152 (23) 22

[2006] 150 SJ 1304
[2006] 150 S J 1304
[2006] 150 S.J. 1304
[2006] 150 S. J. 1304
[2006] 150 SolJ 1304
[2006] 150 Sol J 1304
[2006] 150 Sol.J. 1304
[2006] 150 Sol. J 1304
[2006] 150 SolJo 1304
[2006] 150 Sol Jo 1304
[2006] 150 Sol.Jo. 1304
[2006] 150 Sol. Jo. 1304
[2006] 150 Solicitors J 1304
[2006] 150 Solicitors J. 1304
[2006] 150 Solicitors’ J 1304
[2006] 150 Solicitors’ J. 1304
[2006] 150 Solicitors Journal 1304
[2006] 150 Solicitors’ Journal 1304

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Taxation, D Month YYYY

Examples of recognised formats:

Taxation, 12 July 2007, 43

[2007] 159 Taxation 4097 (255)

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[Year] IHL Issue (Page)

Examples of recognised formats:

2006 IHL 144 (47)
(2006) IHL 144 (47)
[2006] IHL 144 (47)
[2006] I H L 144 (47)
[2006] I.H.L. 144 (47)
[2006] I. H. L. 144 (47)
[2006] In-House L 144 (47)
[2006] In-House L. 144 (47)

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume Practical Lawyer page

Examples of recognised formats:

[2006] 165 PracLaw 4
[2006] 165 Prac Law 4
[2006] 165 Prac.Law. 4
[2006] 165 Prac. Law. 4
[2006] 165 Practical Lawyer 4
[2006] 165 The Practical Lawyer 4

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Tax J Issue, Page

Examples of recognised formats:

Tax J 855, 11
TaxJ 855, 11

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
n/a

Examples of recognised formats:

Articles from The Times newspaper.

*The new paywalled Times Online website is not deep linkable. The index of Times articles 2003-2010 is maintained as an archive only.

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
TEL & TJ (Year) No Number Month Day

Examples of recognised formats:

TEL & TJ (2005) No 5 72 December p4

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
year UCD Law Review page

Examples of recognised formats:

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

*Note that no Acts of Parliament for the period of the Interregnum (1649-1660) are included within this datasource as, lacking royal assent, they were deemed null and void following the restoration. For scholars of this period of English history, the text of the Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum are available online here.

Acts of the UK Parliament – reference formats

Recognised formats of references to Acts of Parliament include:

Formats for Acts	Formats for sections and schedules
Children Act, 1989 Children Act 1989 1989 Chapter 41 1989 c. 41 1989 c.41 2000 (N.I.) c. 1 2000 (n.i.) c. 1 Magna Carta	Section 12 sect.12 sec.12 s.12 s12 Schedule 8 sch.8 sch8

Any of the formats in the left-hand column of the table can be used to find the Arrangement of Sections, which has hypertext links to the preamble and to all of the sections and schedules that make up the complete Act.

Any of the formats for an Act can be followed by any of the formats in the right-hand column (separated by space and/or comma) to find an individual section or schedule, a range of sections, or several specified sections. For example:

• Children Act, 1989, Section 12
• Children Act, 1989 Schedule 8
• Children Act 1989 s.12(3b)
• Children Act 1989 s.12
• 1989 Chapter 41 Section 12
• 1989 c.41 sch.8

Any of the formats for an Act can be preceded by any of the formats in the right-hand column (separated by prepositions, articles, space and/or comma) to find an individual section or schedule. For example:

• Section 12(3b) of the Children Act 1989
• s. 4 of the Children Act 1989
• Schedule 8 of the Children Act 1989
• Schedule 8 to the Children Act 1989

Alphabetic characters can normally be upper or lower case, and can include full stops, but they are not normally necessary. The exception is abbreviations of Chapter, where “c.” must be lower case and include a full stop.

References to locations within a section or schedule (e.g. 12(3b)) will lead to information about the whole section or schedule.

Jurisdiction:
UK

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

*Note that the UK Statutory Instruments data source includes both SIs 1949-present as well as previous secondary legislation 1671-1948 as recorded in HMSO’s Statutory Rules & Orders and Statutory Instruments (Revised to December 31, 1948). Note that for SIs marked Lapsed or Revoked before approximately 2004, JustCite will not carry enabling act link information.

Recognised citation formats for Statutory Instruments include:

• Statutory Instrument number 3123 of 1995
• Statutory Instrument number 3123 of 3/12/95
• Statutory Instruments number 3123 of 1995
• Statutory Instruments number 3123 of 3/12/95
• S.I. No. 3123 of 1995
• S.I. No. 3123 of 3/12/95
• S.I. n. 3123 of 1995
• S.I. n. 3123 of 3/12/95
• S.I. 3123 of 1995
• SI Nº 3123 of 3 December 1995
• Statutory Instrument 1995 No. 3123
• Statutory Instrument 1995/3123
• Statutory Instruments 1995 No. 3123
• Statutory Instruments 1995/3123
• S.I. 1995 No. 3123
• S.I. 1995/3123
• S.I. 1995 3123
• S.I. 1995-3123
• SI 1995 No. 3123
• SI 1995/3123
• SI 1995 3123
• SI 1995-3123
• si 1995 no 3123
• si 1995/3123
• si 1995 3123
• si-1995-3123

Alphabetic characters can be upper or lower case. Abbreviations can include full stops, but they are not necessary. In the short formats, the three elements can be separated by space, hyphen or slash.

Jurisdiction:
UK

Standard format:
[year] volume W.L.R. page

Examples of recognised formats:

1999 3 WLR 1301
(1999) 3 W.L.R. 1301
[1999] 3 W.L.R. 1301
[1999] 3 W. L. R. 1301
[1999] 3 Weekly Law Reports 1301
[1999] 3 The Weekly Law Reports 1301
The Weekly Law Reports 1999 vol.3 p.1301
The Weekly Law Reports 1999 vol. 3 p. 1301

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

The formats of references for Welsh Statutory Instruments that JustCite can recognise include:

• Welsh Statutory Instrument 45 of 2002 W4
• Welsh Statutory Instrument 2002 45 W4
• Welsh S.I. No. 45 of 2002 W4
• Welsh S.I. 45 of 2002 W4
• Welsh S.I. 2002 45 W4
• S.I. No. 45 of 2002 W4
• S.I. 2002 45 W4
• SI 45 of 2002 W4
• SI 45 2002 W4
• SI 2002/45/W4
• SI 2002/45 W4
• SI 2002 45 W4
• Offerynnau Statudol Rhif. 45 2002 Cy.4
• Offerynnau Statudol 2002 45 Cy.4
• O.S. Rhif. 45 2002 Cy.4
• OS Rhif 45 2002 Cy4
• OS 2002 Rhif 45 (Cy.4)
• OS 2002/45 (Cy.4)
• OS 2002 45 (Cy.4)

Alphabetic characters can be upper or lower case. Abbreviations can include full stops, but they are not necessary

Jurisdiction:
Wales

Standard format:
volume Asp Mar Law Cas page

Examples of recognised formats:

14 AspMLC 207
14 ASP MLC 207
14 ASP M L C 207
14 Asp Mar Law Cas 207
14 Asp.M.L.C. 207
14 Asp. M.L.C. 207
14 Asp.Mar.Law Cas. 207
14 Aspinall’s Maritime Cases 207

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
[Year] Bda LR Number

Examples of recognised formats:

[1986] Bda LR 77

Jurisdiction:
Bermuda

Standard format:
[year] BTC page

Examples of recognised formats:

2004 BTC 5357
(2004) BTC 5357
[2004] BTC 5357
[2004] B T C 5357
[2004] B.T.C. 5357
[2004] B. T. C. 5357
2004 British Tax Cases 5357
(2004) British Tax Cases 5357
[2004] British Tax Cases 5357

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

CELEX Sector 1 (Internal Agreements) – Document Types:

• A – Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (1957)
• B – Accession Treaty (Denmark, Irish Republic, Norway, United Kingdom) (1972)
• C – Treaty of Nice, amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts (2001)
• D – Treaty of Amsterdam, amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related Acts (1997)
• E – European Economic Community Treaty (1957); European Communities Treaty consolidated versions (1992 and 1997)
• F – Merger Treaty establishing a single Council and a single Commission (1965).  Treaty amending certain budgetary provisions (1970)
• G – Amending Treaty (Greenland) (1985)
• H – Accession Treaty (Greece) (1979)
• I – Accession Treaty (Portugal, Spain) (1985)
• K – European Coal and Steel Community Treaty (1951)
• M – Treaty on European Union i.e. Maastricht Treaty (1992) and consolidated version (1997)
• N – Accession Treaty (Austria, Finland, Norway, Sweden) (1994)
• R – Treaty amending certain financial provisions.  Treaty amending certain provisions of the statute of the European Investment Bank (1975).  Act amending the protocol on the statute of the European Investment Bank (1993)
• U – Single European Act (1986)

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

CELEX Sector 2 (External Agreements) Document Types:

• A – Agreements with non-member countries or international organisations
• D – Acts of bodies created by international agreements
• P – Acts of parliamentary bodies created by international agreements
• X – Other acts

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

CELEX Sector 3 (Secondary Legislation) Document Types:

• A – Opinions
• B – Budget
• C – Declarations
• D – Decisions and decisions sui generis
• E – Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) – common positions, common strategies and joint actions
• F – Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) – common positions and framework decisions
• G – Resolutions
• H – Recommendations
• K – European Coal and Steel Community – recommendations
• L – Directives (European Communities/EURATOM)
• M – Merger decisions (non-opposition to a notified joint venture or a notified concentration)
• O – European Central Bank – guidelines
• Q – International arrangements – Rules of Procedure and Internal Agreements
• R – Regulations (European Communities/EURATOM)
• S – European Coal and Steel Community – general decisions
• X – Other Acts (resolutions, opinions etc) published in the Official Journal L series
• Y – Other Acts published in the Official Journal C series

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
See description of CELEX Numbers

Examples of recognised formats:

CELEX Sector 4 (Supplementary Legislation) Document Types:

• A – Agreements between member states
• D – Decisions or the representatives of the governments of member states meeting within the Council
• X – Other Acts published in the Official Journal L series
• Y – Other Acts published in the Official Journal C series

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

CELEX Sector 5 (Proposals) Document Types:

• AA – Court of Auditors – opinions
• AB – European Central Bank – opinions
• AC – European Economic and Social Committee – consultative opinions
• AE – European Economic and Social Committee – own-initiative opinions
• AG – Council – common positions
• AK – European Coal and Steel Community – opinions of the Consultative Committee
• AP – European Parliament – legislative resolutions
• AR – Committee of the Regions – consultative opinions
• BP – European Parliament – budget
• DC – COM Documents – other documents
• HB – European Central Bank – recommendations
• IE – European Economic and Social Committee – other opinions
• IG – Member states – initiatives
• IP – European Parliament – other resolutions
• IR – Committee of the Regions – own-initiative opinions
• KG – Council – assent ECSC
• PC – COM Documents – proposals for legislation
• SA – Court of Auditors – special reports
• SC – SEC documents
• TA – Court of Auditors – reports
• XA – Court of Auditors – other acts
• XB – European Central Bank – other acts
• XC – Commission – other acts
• XE – European Economic and Social Committee – other acts
• XG – Council – other acts
• XK – European Coal and Steel Community – other acts of the Consultative Committee
• XP – European Parliament – other acts
• XR – Committee of the Regions – other acts
• XX – Other acts

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
See description of CELEX Numbers

Examples of recognised formats:

CELEX Sector 6 (Case law) Document Types:

• A – CFI/General Court – judgments
• B – CFI/General Court – orders
• C – Court of Justice – conclusions of the Advocate-General
• D – CFI/General Court – third party proceedings
• F – CFI/General Court – opinions
• H – CFI/General Court – case reports
• J – Court of Justice – judgments
• O – Court of Justice – orders
• P – Court of Justice – case reports
• S – Court of Justice – seizures
• T – Court of Justice – third party proceedings
• V – Court of Justice – opinions
• X – Court of Justice – rulings

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

CELEX Sector 7 (National Implementation) Document Types:

• L – National Implementation Measures – implementation of Directives

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

CELEX Sector 9 (Parliamentary Questions) Document Types:

• E – European Parliament – written questions
• H – European Parliament – questions asked during Question Time
• O – European Parliament – oral questions

• NOTE: It appears that this CELEX sector has not been updated by EUR-OP since 2009

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

CELEX Sector C (Official Journal C Series Documents) Document Types:

• N – Other documents published in the Official Journal C Series

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

CELEX Sector E (EFTA Documents) Document Types:

• A – European Free Trade Association – international agreements
• C – European Free Trade Association – Acts of the Surveillance Authority
• G – European Free Trade Association – Acts of the Standing Committee
• J – European Free Trade Association – decisions, orders and consultative opinions of the Court
• P – European Free Trade Association – pending cases of the Court
• X – European Free Trade Association – other Acts

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
dd/mm/yyyy Daily Cases

Examples of recognised formats:

21/12/2001 Daily Cases

This format will display a list of the cases for the specified day.

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Various

Examples of recognised formats:

See English Reports Reference Formats for details of recognised reference formats.

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
N/A

Examples of recognised formats:

N/A

Jurisdiction:
Europe (non-EU)

Standard format:
[year] ICR page

Examples of recognised formats:

1995 ICR 957
(1995) ICR 957
[1995] ICR 957
[1995] I C R 957
[1995] I.C.R. 957
[1995] I. C. R. 957
[1995] Industrial Cases Reports 957
Industrial Cases Reports 1995 p.957
Industrial Cases Reports 1995 p. 957

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume Info LR page

Examples of recognised formats:

[2011] 1 Info LR 1307

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
volume ILR page

Examples of recognised formats:

132 ILR 707
132 I L R 707
132 I.L.R. 707
132 IntlLR 707
132 Intl.L.R. 707
132 INTL 707
132 I N T L 707
132 I.N.T.L. 707
132 International Law Reports 707

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
[year] Ir.Jur.Rep. page

Examples of recognised formats:

1961 Ir.Jur. 45
[1961] Ir.Jur. 45
(1961) Ir.Jur.Rep. 45
[1961] Ir.Jur.Rep. 45
[1961] Ir. Jur. Rep. 45
[1961] Ir.Jur.(Rep.) 45
[1961] Irish Jurist Reports 45
[1961] Irish Jurist Reports 45

NOTE: This is the 4th series of the Irish Jurist Reports. The 5th series is not indexed.

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
[year] volume ILRM page
[year] ILRM page

Examples of recognised formats:

2007 2 ILRM 252
(2007) 2 ILRM 252
[2007] 2 ILRM 252
[2007] 2 I L R M 252
[2007] 2 I.L.R.M. 252
[2007] 2 I. L. R. M. 252
[2007] 2 Irish Law Reports Monthly 252
[2007] 2 Irish Law Reports Monthly 252

1993 ILRM 557
(1993) ILRM 557
[1993] ILRM 557
[1993] I L R M 557
[1993] I.L.R.M. 557
[1993] I. L. R. M. 557
[1993] Irish Law Reports Monthly 557
[1993] Irish Law Reports Monthly 557

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
vol ILTR page

Examples of recognised formats:

104 ILTR 171
104 I.L.T.R. 171
104 I. L. T. R. 171
104 IrLTR 171
104 Ir.L.T.R. 171
104 IrLTRep 171
104 Ir LTRep 171
104 Ir.L.T.Rep. 171
104 Ir. L.T.Rep. 171
104 Irish Law Times Reports 171
104 Irish Law Times Reports 171

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
[yyyy] Vol JBVIC Page

Examples of recognised formats:

[2007] 5 JBVIC 1401
[2007] 5 J.B.V.I.C. 1401
2007 5 JBVIC 1401
(2007) 5 JBVIC 1401
2007 5 J.B.V.I.C. 1401
(2007) 5 J.B.V.I.C. 1401

Jurisdiction:
British Virgin Islands

Standard format:
[year] volume JIC number

Examples of recognised formats:

[2001] 12 JIC 1702
2001 12 JIC 1702
(2001) 12 J.I.C. 1702

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
[year] volume JIEC number

Examples of recognised formats:

[2008] 4 JIEC 0701
(2008) 4 JIEC 0701
2008 4 J.I.E.C. 0701

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
[Year] Volume JJC Number

Examples of recognised formats:

[2009] 2 JJC 2701

Jurisdiction:
Jamaica

Standard format:
[year] L.J.Ir. page

Examples of recognised formats:

1934 LJI 108
[1934] L.J.I. 108
(1934) L.J.Ir. 108
[1934] L.J.Ir. 108
[1934] L. J. Ir. 108
(1934) L.J.Ir.R. 108

Jurisdiction:
Ireland

Standard format:
LR volume series page
volume series page
[year] volume series page

Examples of recognised formats:

LR 6 Exch 224 (First Series)
8 QBD 453 (Second Series)
[1995] 2 AC 75 (Third Series)

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume M.H.L.R. page

Examples of recognised formats:

2001 1 MHLR 110
(2001) 1 M.H.L.R. 110
[2001] 1 M.H.L.R. 110
[2001] 1 M. H. L. R. 110
2001 Mental Health Law Reports 110
(2001) Mental Health Law Reports 110
[2001] Mental Health Law Reports 110
[2001] 1 Mental Health Law Reports 110

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] N.I. page

Examples of recognised formats:

1961 NI 65
(1961) N.I. 65
[1961] N.I. 65
[1961] N. I. 65

Jurisdiction:
Northern Ireland

Standard format:
Official Journal No. C number, year

Examples of recognised formats:

Contains documents from the C Series of the Official Journal of the European Union, with the full text of proposed legislation (known as COM DOCs) from January 1990, along with written questions and their answers from the European Parliament, notices of new treaties and details of competition law.

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

The tables of contents of the Official Journal C and L Series

OJ Daily contains the tables of contents of the Official Journal C Series (information and notices) and L series (adopted EU legislation), with links to the full text.

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
[year] volume Police Law Reports page

Examples of recognised formats:

2000 1 Police Law Reports 117
(2000) 1 Police Law Reports 117
[2000] 1 Police Law Reports 117
[2000] Police Law Reports 117
[2000] 1 Pol. L. R. 117
(2000) 1 Pol. L. R. 117
[2000] 1 Pol.L.R. 117
[2000] 1 PolLR 117
2000 1 PolLR 117

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume Prison Law Reports page

Examples of recognised formats:

2000 1 Prison Law Reports 372
(2000) 1 Prison Law Reports 372
[2000] 1 Prison Law Reports 372
[2000] Prison Law Reports 372

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
[year] volume SLR page
[year-year] SLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2000 1 SLR 749
(2000) 1 SLR 749
[2000] 1 SLR 749
[2000] 1 S L R 749
[2000] 1 S.L.R. 749
[2000] 1 S. L. R. 749
[2000] 1 Singapore Law Reports 749

[1965-1968] SLR 85
[1965-1968] S L R 85
[1965-1968] S.L.R. 85
[1965-1968] S. L. R. 85
[1965-1968] Singapore Law Reports 85

Jurisdiction:
Singapore

Standard format:
[year] STC (SCD) page

Examples of recognised formats:

1998 SCD 278
(1998) SCD 278
[1998] SCD 278
[1998] S C D 278
[1998] S.C.D. 278
[1998] S. C. D. 278
1998 STC (SCD) 278
(1998) STC (SCD) 278
[1998] STC (SCD) 278
[1998] S T C (S C D) 278
[1998] S.T.C. (S.C.D.) 278
[1998] S. T. C. (S. C. D.) 278
[1998] Special Commissioners Decisions 278
(1998) Special Commissioners Decisions 278
[1998] Special Commissioners’ Decisions 278
[1998] Special Commissioners’ Decisions 278
[1998] Special Commissioners’ Decisions 278

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
volume St Tr page

Examples of recognised formats:

1 StTr 135
1 St Tr 135
1 St.Tr. 135
1 St. Tr. 135
1 State Tr 135
1 State Tr. 135
1 State Trials 135
1 CobStTr 135
1 Cob St Tr 135
1 Cob.St.Tr. 135
1 Cob. St. Tr. 135
1 CobbStTr 135
1 Cobb St Tr 135
1 Cobb.St.Tr. 135
1 Cobb. St. Tr. 135
1 HowStTr 135
1 How St Tr 135
1 How.St.Tr. 135
1 How. St. Tr. 135

The year can be included, but is optional.

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
publication date in The Times

Examples of recognised formats:

Times 18 June 2001
Times June 18 2001
The Times 18th June 2001
The Times June 18th 2001
The Times on 18th June 2001
The Times on June 18th 2001
Times 18.6.2001
Times 18.06.2001
Times 23.6.97
Times 23.06.97
18/6/2001 Times Law Reports

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) American Business Law Journal page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

43(1) American Business Law Journal 1-42

Jurisdiction:
USA

Standard format:
Am Law Econ Rev year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

Amer Law Econ Rev 2007 9 1: 72-134

Jurisdiction:
USA

Standard format:
(year) volume ALR page

Examples of recognised formats:

1984 51 ALR 609
(1984) 51 ALR 609
(1984) 51 A L R 609
(1984) 51 A.L.R. 609
(1984) 51 A. L. R. 609
(1984) 51 Australian Law Reports 609

The year is optional.

Jurisdiction:
Australia

Standard format:
Br J Criminol year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

BrJ Criminol 2007 47 3: 526-527
Br J Criminol 2007 47 3: 526-527
Br.J.Criminol. 2007 47 3: 526-527
Br. J. Criminol. 2007 47 3: 526-527
British Journal of Criminology 2007 47 3: 526-527

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
year CQH volume (issue) p. page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

2006 CQH 15 (1) p. 81-88

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
volume CCC page

Examples of recognised formats:

60 CCC 254
60 C.C.C. 254
60 Can.Cr.Cas. 254
60 Can Crim Cas 254
60 Can.Crim.Cas. 254
60 Can. Crim. Cas. 254
60 Canadian Criminal Cases 254

Jurisdiction:
Canada

Standard format:
Chinese Journal of International Law year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:
Chinese Journal of International Law 2007 6 1: 259-260

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
(year) volume CLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

95 CLR 43
1955 95 CLR 43
(1955) 95 CLR 43
(1955) 95 C L R 43
(1955) 95 C.L.R. 43
(1955) 95 C. L. R. 43
(1955) 95 CommonwLR 43
(1955) 95 Commonw LR 43
(1955) 95 Commonw L R 43
(1955) 95 Commonw.L.R. 43
(1955) 95 Commonw. L.R. 43
(1955) 95 Commonw. L. R. 43
(1955) 95 Commonwealth Law Reports 43

Jurisdiction:
Australia

Standard format:
yyyy CON volume (issue) p. ppp-ppp

Examples of recognised formats:

2005 CON 20 (3) p. 351-384

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) Criminology page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

44(1) Criminology 45-72

Jurisdiction:
USA

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) Criminology & Public Policy page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

5(1) Criminology & Public Policy 113-135

Jurisdiction:
USA

Standard format:
(year) volume DLR page
(year) volume DLR (series no.) page

Examples of recognised formats:

1947 4 DLR 67
(1947) 4 DLR 67
[1947] 4 DLR 67
(1947) 4 D L R 67
(1947) 4 D.L.R. 67
(1947) 4 D. L. R. 67
(1947) 4 DomLR 67
(1947) 4 Dom L R 67
(1947) 4 Dominion Law Reports 67

2001 203 DLR (4th) 128
(2001) 203 DLR (4th) 128
[2001] 203 DLR (4th) 128
(2001) 203 D L R (4th) 128
(2001) 203 D.L.R. (4th) 128
(2001) 203 D. L. R. (4th) 128
(2001) 203 DomLR (4th) 128
(2001) 203 Dom L R (4th) 128
(2001) 203 Dominion Law Reports (4th) 128

Jurisdiction:
Canada

Standard format:
n/a

Examples of recognised formats:

News items and commentary from the Publications Office of the European Union.

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
year EBR volume (issue) page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

2010 EBR 11 (1) p. 3-34

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
Eur J Int Law year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

EurJIntLaw 2007 18 1: 145-170
Eur J Int Law 2007 18 1: 145-170
Eur.J.Int.Law 2007 18 1: 145-170
Eur. J. Int. Law 2007 18 1: 145-170
European Journal of International Law 2007 18 1: 145-170

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) European Law Journal page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

12(1) European Law Journal 2-5

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
[year] volume Fam CR page

Examples of recognised formats:

1995 3 Fam CR 337
(1995) 3 Fam CR 337
[1995] 3 Fam CR 337
[1995] 3 Fam C R 337
[1995] 3 Fam C.R. 337
[1995] 3 Fam C. R. 337

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) Family Court Review page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

44(1) Family Court Review 5-30

Jurisdiction:
USA

Standard format:
volume FedCR page

Examples of recognised formats:

79 FCR 594
79 F C R 594
79 F.C.R. 594
79 F. C. R. 594
79 FedCR 594
79 Fed CR 594
79 Fed C R 594
79 Fed.C.R. 594
79 Fed. C.R. 594
79 Fed. C. R. 594
79 Federal Court Reports 594

Jurisdiction:
Australia

Standard format:
Year FPB Volume (issue) p. pages

Examples of recognised formats:

2010 FPB 20 (1) p. f1-f4
2010 FPB 20 (1) p. 3-9

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Year HEP Volume (issue) p. pages

Examples of recognised formats:

2006 HEP 1 (2) p. 107-126

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Human Rights Law Review year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

Human Rights Law Review 2007 7 3: 567-581
Human Rights Law Review 2007 7 3: 567-581

Jurisdiction:
Europe (non-EU)

Standard format:
Int J Constitutional Law year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

Int J Constitutional Law 2007 5 2: 187-210
Int. J. Constitutional Law 2007 5 2: 187-210
International Journal of Constitutional Law 2007 5 2: 187-210

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Year JCP Volume (Issue) p. page
Year JCP Volume (Issue) p. pages

Examples of recognised formats:

2008 JCP 15 (4) p. 405-406

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Int J Law Info Tech year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

Int J Law Info Tech 2007 15 3: 253-274
Int J Law Info Tech 2007 15 3: 253-274
Int.J. Law Info.Tech. 2007 15 3: 253-274
Int. J. Law Info. Tech. 2007 15 3: 253-274
International Journal of Law and Information Technology 2007 15 3: 253-274

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Int J Law Policy Fam year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

Int J Law Policy Fam 2009 23 1: 1-24

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Int J Refugee Law year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

IntJRefugeeLaw 2008 19 4: 703-728
Int J Refugee Law 2008 19 4: 703-728
Int.J.Refugee Law 2008 19 4: 703-728
Int. J. Refugee Law 2008 19 4: 703-728
International Journal of Refugee Law 2008 19 4: 703-728

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Year IRC Volume (issue) p. pages

Examples of recognised formats:

2007 IRC 89 (865) p. 131-153

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
year J.J. page

Examples of recognised formats:

[1966] J.J. 547
1966 JJ 547
1966 J J 547
1966 J. J. 547
1966 Jersey Judgments 547

Jurisdiction:
Jersey

Standard format:
year JLR page

Examples of recognised formats:

2010 JLR 653
2010 J L R 653
2010 J.L.R. 653
2010 J. L. R. 653
2010 Jersey Law Reports 653

Jurisdiction:
Jersey

Standard format:
year JAL volume (issue) p. page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

2004 JAL 48 (1) p. 62-81

Jurisdiction:
Africa (various)

Standard format:
Journal of Competition Law and Economics year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

Journal of Competition Law and Economics 2008 4 3: 811-836

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Journal of Conflict and Security Law year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

Journal of Conflict and Security Law 2008 13 1: 156-159

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) Journal of Empirical Legal Studies page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

5(2) Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 351-373

Jurisdiction:
USA

Standard format:
J Environmental Law year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

J Environmental Law 2007 19 3: 409-417
J. Environmental Law 2007 19 3: 409-417
Journal of Environmental Law 2007 19 3: 409-417

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) Journal of Forensic Sciences page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

51(6) Journal of Forensic Sciences 1246-1254

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
JIPLP year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

JIPLP 2008 3 2: 86-96
J I P L P 2008 3 2: 86-96
J.I.P.L.P. 2008 3 2: 86-96
J. I. P. L. P. 2008 3 2: 86-96
Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 2007 19 3: 409-417
Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice 2007 19 3: 409-417

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
J Int Criminal Justice year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

J Int Criminal Justice 2007 5 3: 619-637
J. Int. Criminal Justice 2007 5 3: 619-637
Journal of International Criminal Justice 2007 5 3: 619-637

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
J Int Economic Law year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

J Int Economic Law 2008 11 1: 5-41
J. Int. Economic Law 2008 11 1: 5-41
Journal of International Economic Law 2008 11 1: 5-41

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) Journal of Law and Society page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

33(1) Journal of Law and Society 42-58

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) Journal of Legal Studies Education page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

23(1) The Journal of Legal Studies Education 1-51
23(1) The Journal of Legal Studies Education v-viii

Jurisdiction:
USA

Standard format:
Volume L.A.C. (Series) Page

Examples of recognised formats:

153 L.A.C. (4th) 431

Jurisdiction:
Canada

Standard format:
LAPO volume (issue) page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

LAPO 33(2) 276-303

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
LASR volume (issue) page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

LASR 44(1) 33-66

Jurisdiction:
USA

Standard format:
Law, Probability and Risk year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

Law, Probability & Risk 2009 8 1: 67-68

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
year LIM volume (issue) p. page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

2005 LIM 5 (1) p. 14-16

Jurisdiction:
UK & Ireland

Standard format:
year LEG volume (issue) p. page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

2005 LEG 11 (1) p. 39-74

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
year LJI volume (issue) p. page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

2005 LJL 18 (3) p. 389-402

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
(year) volume LL L Rep page

Examples of recognised formats:

(1945) 79 Ll L Rep 35
79 Ll L Rep 35

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
yyyy nawm number

Examples of recognised formats:

Measures of the National Assembly for Wales – reference formats

References to Measures of the National Assembly for Wales that JustCite can recognise include:

Formats for Acts:	Formats for sections and schedules:
NHS Redress (Wales) Measure, 2008 NHS Redress (Wales) Measure 2008 2008 nawm 1 Mesur Gwneud Iawn am Gamweddau’r GIG (Cymru) 2008 2008 mccc 1	Section 7 sect. 7 sec 7 s. 7 s 7 s7

Any of the formats in the left-hand column of the table can be used to find the Arrangement of Sections, which has hypertext links to the preamble and to all of the sections that make up the complete Measure.

Any of the formats for a Measure can be followed by any of the formats in the right-hand column (separated by space and/or comma) to find an individual section. For example:

• NHS Redress (Wales) Measure, 2008, Section 7
• NHS Redress (Wales) Measure, 2008 s.7(5)(a)
• NHS Redress (Wales) Measure 2008 s.7
• 2008 nawm 1 Section 7
• 2008 nawm 2 s.7
• 2008 nawm 2 s.7(2)(c)
• 2008 mccc 1 Section 7

Any of the formats for a Measure can be preceded by any of the formats in the right-hand column (separated by prepositions, articles, space and/or comma) to find an individual section. For example:

• Section 7 of the NHS Redress (Wales) Measure, 2008
• Section 7, NHS Redress (Wales) Measure 2008

Alphabetic characters can be upper or lower case. Abbreviations can include full stops, but they are not necessary

References to locations within a section (e.g. 7(2)(c)) will lead to information about the whole section.

Jurisdiction:
Wales

Standard format:
Med Law Rev year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

MedLawRev 2007 15 1: 144-147
Med Law Rev 2007 15 1: 144-147
Med.Law.Rev. 2007 15 1: 144-147
Med. Law. Rev. 2007 15 1: 144-147
Medical Law Review 2007 15 1: 144-147

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) Modern Law Review page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

71(4) Modern Law Review 535-558

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) Negotiation Journal page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

24(3) Negotiation Journal 221-246

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
year NLR volume (issue) p. page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

2010 NLR 57 (1) p. 1-28

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Official Journal No. C number, year

Examples of recognised formats:

Contains documents from the C Series of the Official Journal of the European Union, with the full text of proposed legislation (known as COM DOCs) from January 1990, along with written questions and their answers from the European Parliament, notices of new treaties and details of competition law.

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:

Examples of recognised formats:

The tables of contents of the Official Journal C and L Series

OJ Daily contains the tables of contents of the Official Journal C Series (information and notices) and L series (adopted EU legislation), with links to the full text.

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
Oxford J Legal Studies year issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

Oxford J Legal Studies 2007 27 4: 757-774
Oxford J. Legal Studies 2007 27 4: 757-774
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 2007 27 4: 757-774

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Ratio Juris Vol volume Issue issue: pp page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

RAJU Vol 19 Issue 2: pp 230-244
Ratio Juris Vol 19 Issue 2: pp 230-244

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Review of European Community and International Environmental Law Vol volume Issue issue: pp page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

REEL Vol 15 Issue 1: pp 23-29
Review of European Community & International Environmental Law Vol 15 Issue 1: pp 23-29

Jurisdiction:
EU

Standard format:
year RIS volume (issue) p. page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

2004 RIS 30 (4) p. 583-583
2004 R I S 30 (4) p. 583-583
2004 R.I.S. 30 (4) p. 583-583
2004 R. I. S. 30 (4) p. 583-583
2004 Review of International Studies 30 (4) p. 583-583

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
n/a

Examples of recognised formats:

Various articles drawn from over 400 RMIT journals including titles as diverse as the Adelaide Law Review, the Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences and the International Journal of Punishment and Sentencing.

Jurisdiction:
Australia

Standard format:
Stat Law Rev Year Vol vol Issue issue p page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

Stat Law Rev 2007 Vol 28 Issue 2 p 83-118

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
year CLJ volume (issue) p. page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

1999 CLJ 58 (1) p. 49-58
1999 C.L.J. 58 (1) p. 49-58

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

45(1) The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 14-28

Jurisdiction:
England and Wales

Standard format:
J Law Econ Organ year volume issue: page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

J Law Econ Organ 2007 23 1: 24-56
J.Law Econ.Organ. 2007 23 1: 24-56
J. Law Econ. Organ. 2007 23 1: 24-56
Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 2007 23 1: 24-56

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
Volume(Issue) The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

34(4) The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics 733-740

Jurisdiction:
USA

Standard format:
The Journal of World Intellectual Property Vol volume Issue issue: pp page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

JWIP Vol 9 Issue 2: pp 189-212
The Journal of World Intellectual Property Vol 9 Issue 2: pp 189-212

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
year WTR volume (issue) p. page-range

Examples of recognised formats:

2002 WTR 58 (1) p. 49-58
2002 W T R 58 (1) p. 49-58
2002 W.T.R. 58 (1) p. 49-58
2002 W. T. R. 58 (1) p. 49-58
2002 World Trade Review 58 (1) p. 49-58

Jurisdiction:
International

Standard format:
CASELEX 2-character-language-code Year Number
CASELEX 2-character-country-code Year Number

Examples of recognised formats:

CASELEX EN 2002 3
caselex en 2002 3
caselex EN 2002 3

Jurisdiction:
EU